Liquid Crystal Material plays a role similar to a light valve in LCD, which can control the brightness of transmitted light and achieve the effect of information display.
The driving IC is actually a set of integrated circuit chip devices used to adjust and control the phase, peak, frequency, etc. of the potential signal on the transparent electrode, establish a driving electric field, and ultimately achieve the information display of the liquid crystal.
In liquid crystal panels, active matrix liquid crystal displays are composed of twisted nematic (TN) type liquid crystal materials sealed between two glass substrates. Among them, the upper glass substrate close to the display screen is deposited with red, green, and blue (RGB) color filters (or color filter films), a black matrix, and a common transparent electrode. The lower glass substrate (the substrate far from the display screen) is equipped with thin film transistor (TFT) devices, transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, etc. Prepare an orientation film (also known as an orientation layer) on the inner side of two glass substrates to align liquid crystal molecules. Inject liquid crystal material between two glass substrates and spread spacers to ensure the uniformity of the gap. The surrounding area is bonded with frame sealing adhesive, providing a sealing effect; By using the silver glue process, the upper and lower glass substrates are connected to a common electrode.
The outer sides of the upper and lower glass substrates are respectively coated with polarizing films (or polarizing films). When a voltage is applied between the pixel transparent electrode and the common transparent electrode, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules will change. At this point, the intensity of incident light passing through the liquid crystal also changes accordingly. LCD displays can display information precisely based on the optical rotation of liquid crystal materials, combined with the control of electric fields.
