The LCD panel includes polarizing film, glass substrate, black matrix, color filter, protective film, ordinary electrode, calibration layer, LCD layer (LCD, spacer, sealant), capacitor, display electrode, prism layer, and astigmatic layer.
Polarizing film, also known as polarizer, is divided into upper polarizer and lower polarizer. The polarization functions of the upper and lower polarizers are perpendicular to each other, and their function is like a fence, blocking the light wave components according to requirements, such as blocking the light wave components perpendicular to the polarizer fence, and only allowing the light wave components parallel to the fence to pass through.
Glass substrate can be divided into upper substrate and lower substrate in liquid crystal displays, and its main function is to clamp the liquid crystal material in the interval space between the two substrates. The material for glass substrates is generally alkali free borosilicate glass with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance. For TFT-LCD, one layer of glass substrate contains TFT, while the other layer of glass substrate deposits color filters.
The Black Matrix uses materials with high shading performance to separate the red, green, and blue primary colors in color filters (to prevent color confusion), prevent light leakage, and thus improve the contrast of each color block. In addition, in TFT-LCD, the black matrix can also mask internal electrode routing or thin-film transistors.
Color filter, also known as filter film, is used to generate three basic colors of light: red, green, and blue, achieving full color display of liquid crystal displays.
The alignment layer, also known as the alignment film or orientation layer, is used to enable liquid crystal molecules to achieve uniform arrangement and orientation at the microscale level.
The transparent electrode is divided into a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and the input signal voltage is loaded between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. Transparent electrodes are typically formed by depositing indium tin oxide (ITO) material on a glass substrate to form a transparent conductive layer.
