LCD is a type of display that uses liquid crystal as the material. Liquid crystal is a type of organic compound that lies between solid and liquid. At room temperature, it exhibits both the fluidity of liquid and the optical anisotropy of crystals. When heated, it becomes a transparent liquid, and when cooled, it becomes a crystalline turbid solid.
Under the action of an electric field, liquid crystal molecules undergo changes in arrangement, which affects the intensity of the incident beam passing through the liquid crystal. This change in light intensity is further manifested as a change in brightness through the action of a polarizer. Based on this, controlling the electric field of liquid crystals can achieve changes in the brightness of light, thereby achieving the purpose of information display. Therefore, the function of liquid crystal materials is similar to small "light valves".
Due to the presence of control and driving circuits around the liquid crystal material. When the electrodes in an LCD generate an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules undergo distortion, causing the light passing through them to undergo regular refraction (due to the optical rotation of the liquid crystal material), which is then filtered by a second layer of polarizing film and displayed on the screen.
It is worth noting that liquid crystal materials do not emit light themselves, so LCDs usually require additional light sources to be configured for display panels. The main light source system is called a "backlight module", where the backlight panel is composed of fluorescent substances that can emit light, and its main function is to provide a uniform backlight source.
